{"id":3618,"date":"2020-10-14T18:07:42","date_gmt":"2020-10-14T18:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/?page_id=3618"},"modified":"2020-10-14T18:41:13","modified_gmt":"2020-10-14T18:41:13","slug":"biodiverzitet-u-bih","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/?page_id=3618&lang=bs","title":{"rendered":"Biodiverzitet u BiH"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1216.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><h3>Biolo\u0161ka raznolikost u Bosni i Hercegovini<\/h3>\n<p>Zahvaljuju\u0107i ekolo\u0161koj heterogenosti prostora, geomorfolo\u0161koj i hidrolo\u0161koj raznolikosti, specifi\u010dnoj geolo\u0161koj pro\u0161losti i klimatskom diverzitetu, Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) obiluje izuzetnim biolo\u0161kim bogatstvom i diverzitetom stani\u0161ta. Smje\u0161tena je u tri posebne geolo\u0161ke i klimatske regije: Mediteransku, Eurosibirsko-boreoameri\u010dku i Alpsko-visokonordijsku regiju. U njoj obitavaju brojne endemske vrste i stani\u0161ta, kao i reliktni centri \u2013 refugije tercijarne flore i faune sa\u010duvane do danas pod specifi\u010dnim paleo-klimatskim uslovima.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-3570 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-200x113.jpg 200w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-400x225.jpg 400w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-500x282.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Ovo je jedna od evropskih zemalja sa najve\u0107om raznoliko\u0161\u0107u biljnih i \u017eivotinjskih vrsta. Floru i faunu u BiH karakterizira visok stepen endemskih i reliktnih \u017eivotnih oblika. U BiH je identificirano preko 5.000 vrsta i podvrsta vaskularnih biljaka, preko 100 vrsta riba i vi\u0161e od 320 vrsta ptica i drugih elemenata biolo\u0161ke raznolikosti (IV Izvje\u0161taj BiH za UN Konvenciju o biolo\u0161koj raznolikosti, 2010.). \u010cak 30% ukupne endemske flore Balkana se nalazi u BiH. Podru\u010dje Hercegovine je od posebnog zna\u010daja zbog polo\u017eaja na prelazu iz mediteranske u visokoplaninsku regiju, \u0161to ga \u010dini veoma bogatim biljnim diverzitetom (Vukmir et al., 2009).<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-3621 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Pic_14_Bos.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Pic_14_Bos-200x105.jpg 200w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Pic_14_Bos-300x157.jpg 300w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Pic_14_Bos-400x210.jpg 400w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Pic_14_Bos.jpg 494w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 494px) 100vw, 494px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Refugijalno-reliktna stani\u0161ta predstavljaju najjedinstveniji element \u017eivotne sredine BiH. Ova stani\u0161ta su pretrpjela najmanje promjene u periodu izme\u0111u predglacijacije i postglacijacije, o\u010duvav\u0161i pri tome svoje prirodne ekolo\u0161ke kvalitete. U ovim stani\u0161tima se javlja veliki broj tercijarnih biljnih i \u017eivotinjskih vrsta koje su pre\u017eivjele drasti\u010dne klimatske promjene u posljednjem glacijalnom periodu. Vrste koje \u017eive u ovim refugijama smatraju se reliktima. Ova stani\u0161ta, na kojima \u017eive brojne tercijarne reliktne vrste biljaka i \u017eivotinja, od najve\u0107e su va\u017enosti za biolo\u0161ku raznolikost BiH, kao i globalni biodiverzitet. Tercijarni reliktni ekosistemi u BiH se naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e javljaju u kanjonima, klisurama i na strmim padinama planina u slivovima rijeka Une, Vrbasa, Drine i Neretve (Vukmir et al., 2009).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:50% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 3.84%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 3.84%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h3>Pejza\u017ena raznolikost<\/h3>\n<p>Bogatstvo pejza\u017ene raznolikosti u BiH se najbolje mo\u017ee objasniti po geografskim zonama, koje pru\u017eaju preduslove za razli\u010dite ekosisteme i pejza\u017ee. Pejza\u017ei koji se prete\u017eno prostiru od juga prema sjeveru su (Izvor: IV Izvje\u0161taj BiH za UN Konvenciju o biolo\u0161koj raznolikosti, 2010.):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mediteranski pejza\u017ei,<\/li>\n<li>Submediteranski pejza\u017ei,<\/li>\n<li>Mediteransko-montani pejza\u017ei,<\/li>\n<li>Planinski pejza\u017ei,<\/li>\n<li>Brdski pejza\u017ei,<\/li>\n<li>Peripanonski pejza\u017ei,<\/li>\n<li>Panonski pejza\u017ei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Genetska raznolikost<\/h3>\n<p>BiH se smatra bogatom genetskom raznoliko\u0161\u0107u doma\u0107ih vrsta, koje su stekle specijalne genetske osobine prilago\u0111avanjem lokalnom okru\u017eenju i specifi\u010dnim uslovima. Visoka raznolikost genetskih resursa u BiH odra\u017eava se u velikom broju originalnih \u017eivotinjskih pasmina i biljnih sorti.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kako su mnoge \u017eivotinjske pasmine pripitomljavane tokom prethodnih stolje\u0107a, neke od njih su evoluirale kao posebni ekotipovi koji danas predstavljaju zasebne forme,<\/li>\n<li>Na primjer, visok stepen raznolikosti postignut je me\u0111u pasminama stoke i doma\u0107ih \u017eivotinja (Bosanski brdski konj, Bu\u0161a i Gata\u010dko govedo, ovca Pramenka, Bosanski pas Tornjak, itd.). Visok stepen genetske raznolikosti je zastupljen u specifi\u010dnim \u0161umskim ekosistemima \u2013 na primjer, \u0161uma hrasta lu\u017enjaka (Quercus robur) u Livanjskom polju.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Crvena knjiga za BiH jo\u0161 nije izra\u0111ena i usvojena. Me\u0111utim, tokom nedavnog rata je za Crvenu knjigu spisak biljnih vrsta pripremio dr. \u010cedomil \u0160ili\u0107, a na osnovu zahtjeva Ekolo\u0161kog udru\u017eenja BiH iz 1990. godine. Objavljen je u Glasniku Prirodoslovnog muzeja u Sarajevu (str. 31 (1992-1995): 323-367 (1996)).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3574 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-copy-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-copy-200x113.jpg 200w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-copy-300x169.jpg 300w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-copy-400x225.jpg 400w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-copy-500x282.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/edit-hutovo-blato-copy.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Prema podacima Plant Europa, smatra se da u BiH obitavaju ukupno 64 globalno ugro\u017eene vrste \u2013 istrijebljene: 1;\u00a0 ugro\u017eene: 0; ranjive: 3; rijetke: 59; neodre\u0111ene: 2.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:50% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 3.84%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 3.84%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3618"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3618"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3618\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3631,"href":"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3618\/revisions\/3631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bih-chm-cbd.ba\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}